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Mizushima N, Levine B, Cuervo AM et al (2008) Autophagy fights disease through cellular self-digestion. Mizushima N, Komatsu M (2011) Autophagy: renovation of cells and tissues. Mizunoe Y, Sudo Y, Okita N et al (2017) Involvement of lysosomal dysfunction in autophagosome accumulation and early pathologies in adipose tissue of obese mice. Martina JA, Chen Y, Gucek M et al (2012) MTORC1 functions as a transcriptional regulator of autophagy by preventing nuclear transport of TFEB. Lin S, Hirai S, Yamaguchi Y et al (2013) Taurine improves obesity-induced inflammatory responses and modulates the unbalanced phenotype of adipose tissue macrophages. Li Y, Hu Z, Chen B et al (2012) Taurine attenuates methamphetamine-induced autophagy and apoptosis in PC12 cells through mTOR signaling pathway. Levine B, Kroemer G (2008) Autophagy in the pathogenesis of disease. Kim KS, Ji HI, Chung H et al (2013) Taurine chloramine modulates the expression of adipokines through inhibition of the STAT-3 signaling pathway in differentiated human adipocytes. Kabeya Y, Mizushima N, Ueno T et al (2000) LC3, a mammalian homologue of yeast Apg8p, is localized in autophagosome membranes after processing. Jong CJ, Ito T, Schaffer SW (2015) The ubiquitin-proteasome system and autophagy are defective in the taurine-deficient heart. Jong CJ, Azuma J, Schaffer SW (2012) Mechanism underlying the antioxidant activity of taurine: prevention of mitochondrial oxidant production. Huxtable RJ (1992) Physiological actions of taurine. Harada N, Ninomiya C, Osako Y et al (2004) Taurine alters respiratory gas exchange and nutrient metabolism in type 2 diabetic rats. Liver Int 34:771–783Ĭheng Y, Qiu F, Tashiro S, Onodera S et al (2008) ERK and JNK mediate TNFalpha-induced p53 activation in apoptotic and autophagic L929 cell death. Sci Rep 6:27733Ĭappelli AP, Zoppi CC, Barbosa-Sampaio HC et al (2014) Taurine-induced insulin signalling improvement of obese malnourished mice is associated with redox balance and protein phosphatases activity modulation. The effect discovered in this study may represent a novel mechanism for the improvement of obesity-related pathology by taurine.īai J, Yao X, Jiang L et al (2016) Taurine protects against As 2O 3-induced autophagy in livers of rat offsprings through PPARγ pathway. Taken together, these results suggest that taurine may enhance TFEB nuclear translocation through ERK1/2 to accelerate autophagy. Consequently, taurine-reduced phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2 but did not alter the phosphorylation of MTORC1 pathway-associated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase or ribosomal protein S6 kinase. As this translocation is regulated by several kinase pathways, including extracellular signal-related kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and mechanistic target of rapamycin protein kinase complex 1 (MTORC1), we examined related signaling elements. Moreover, taurine-induced nuclear translocation of transcription factor EB (TFEB), a master regulator of autophagy- and lysosome-related factors. In matured 3T3-L1 mouse adipocytes, treatment with taurine-promoted autophagy.
From these findings, we hypothesized that improvement of obese pathology by taurine may be mediated through recovery of autophagy. Taurine, an amino acid naturally contained in the normal diet and existing ubiquitously in tissues, has been reported to improve insulin resistance and chronic inflammation in animal models, but underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In a recent article, we demonstrated that high-fat diet-induced obesity impairs lysosomal function, thereby suppressing autophagy in mice white adipose tissue. Alterations in adipocyte characteristics are highly implicated in the pathology of obesity.